According to Wikipedia, modern warships are generally divided into seven main categories, which are:
Aircraft carriers: primarily armed with aircraft that are specifically designed to operate from them
Cruisers: a fast, independent warship. Traditionally, the smallest warships capable of independent action. Along with battleships and battlecruisers, they have largely vanished from modern navies
Destroyers: fast and highly maneuverable warships, traditionally incapable of independent action. Originally developed to counter the threat of torpedo boats, they are now the largest independent warship generally seen on the ocean
Frigates: dating back to the 17th century, but typically used in modern navies to protect merchant vessels and other warships
Corvettes: originally a small, lightly armed ship ordered by Winston Churchill at the start of World War II; based on a commercial whale catcher, its primary attribute being ease of construction as an emergency wartime anti-submarine weapon. Traditionally the smallest class of vessel considered to be a proper warship
Submarines: capable of remaining underwater for extended periods
Amphibious assault ships: used to land and support ground forces on enemy territory
Battleships comprise an eighth category, but are not in current service with any navy in the world.
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